Was Caesar a Good Leader?

Julius Caesar was born on July 12, 100 BC in Rome. He was a great leader of the Roman Empire. Some people believe that Caesar wasn’t a great leader or man. Experts say he was greedy and a megalomaniac. They also say that he bribed the people to love him and he cheated the system. Other experts say he was a great leader because he was for the Roman people unlike previous leaders. I believe that Caesar was a great leader for the Roman people because he created reforms to help the people, created a new government, and changed the course of history.Caesar was very helpful to the people when he took over. He created many solid reforms to give the people what they needed. He won people over by creating them. Some of the reforms he created were tax reforms in Asia and Sicily, allowing captured people to become citizens, and giving free food to the poor. The tax reforms in Asia and Sicily were made because â€Å"both had suffered from avaricious governors and tax-collectors. (Seindal 2003) This put Caesar at an advantage because this reform got people in other places to like him better. Caesar allowed people that he captured while he was fighting to become citizens throughout his dictatorship. This helped the Roman Empire prosper because it had many different abilities and trades coming in with all the different people. Finally, Caesar gave food to the poor. He didn’t ration it. He just gave it out to them. This meant that people that couldn’t get their own food could have it very easily.

Global Warming Essay

This essay is based on Global warming and the cause and effect of it. â€Å"Global warming I define as an increase in the earth’s atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse effect resulting especially from pollution. Increase in the global average surface temperature resulting from enhancement of the greenhouse effect, primarily by air pollution† (Merriam-Webster, 2013). In â€Å"2007 the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change forecasted that by 2100 global average surface temperatures would increase 3. 2–7. 2  °F (1. 8–4.  °C), depending on a range of scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions, and stated that it was now 90 percent certain that most of the warming observed over the previous half century could be attributed to greenhouse gas emissions produced by human activities (i. e. , industrial processes and transportation). Many scientists predict that such an increase in temperature would cause polar ice caps and mountain glaciers to melt rapidly, significantly raising the levels of coastal waters, and would produce new patterns and extremes of drought and rainfall, seriously disrupting food production in certain regions† (Wojtal-frankiewicz, 2012). Other scientists maintain that such predictions are overstated. The 1992 Earth Summit and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change attempted to address the issue of global warming, but in both cases the efforts were hindered by conflicting national economic agendas and disputes between developed and developing nations over the cost and consequences of reducing emissions of greenhouse gases† (Kitson, 2011). To begin, the evidence to this article in Wikipedia that show the originality s the use of departmental organization that show the cause of global warming. This organization is known as (UNFCCC), they highlighted some Global warming controversy. It also showed a pie chart which indicate that glaciers have been retreating since the early 1800s. In the 1950s measurements began that allow the monitoring of glacial mass balance, reported to the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) and the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Moreover the bibliography was also stated to show where the inform ation was came from. Where some of it was from official people with a higher state of position. Information on this article was also picked from books and journals and a full bibliography was provided for it. Looking at this, it can be said that the information was neutral and not a made up one. In addition, the article also has detailed factual information that was the use of another pie chart that indicates the â€Å"Contribution of natural factors and human activities to radiative forcing of climate change. Radiative forcing values are for the year 2005, relative to the pre-industrial era (1750). The contribution of solar irradiance to radiative forcing is 5% the value of the combined radiative forcing due to increases in the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide†. This stratices was formed in a project known as IPCC. The article seems to be neutral and unbiased due to the use of quotation and picture with a full proper bibliography. The article is similar to our text book as it has the similar format of writing. These are the use of table of content, title, subheading and bibliography. Thus, the information that was in the article was relevant to the topic that I chose. Moreover, some of the addition information that was it the article was the use of the diagrams to show the greenhouse effect. It shows Greenhouse effect schematic showing energy flows between space, the atmosphere, and earth’s surface. Energy exchanges are expressed in watts per square meter. The article also has used the different language that is for better understand to those who does not know much in English. Thus, the article could have used pie chart and line graph to show the increase in the sea level due to global warming. It also should have discussed a country that is mostly affected due to global warming. Final, Wikipedia is not a favourable web site due to some of its features that allow anyone to edit it anytime. The most dangerous feature is the edit button in it. Thus, the overall article was well structured with having least error in it. It was also simple and straight forward to make it user friendly. This was the use of table, pictures and number to add simplicity to the article. The article has some complex situations where it uses different language. So that people can read the article in their own language.

Comparative Study Of Styles And Patterns Of Code Switching

Code-switching is known as the switch from one codification ( linguistic communication ) to another within the same context. It is besides known as a state of affairs where a individual is able to jump between two or more linguistic communications in his or her discourse. In her book, Myers-Scotton ( 1993 ) said that code-switching is a conventional method of communicating in any bilingual or multilingual society. Hence, in a multilingual state like Malaysia, it is customary for us to see a merger of one or more linguistic communications, idioms and manners in spoken and besides written signifiers. The promotion of the epoch of multimedia and engineering agencies that code-switching is no longer restricted to talk signifier but it can be observed in written signifier excessively. With a more developed communicating system, code-switching can be observed in changing interaction such as chat rooms, forums, web logs and web sites like Myspace, Friendster and Facebook. ( Montes-Alcala , 2007 ) . Therefore, different forms and manners of code-switching are emerging and people code-switch more frequently in written signifier of linguistic communications and this includes one of the ill-famed medium, web log. Blood ( 2000 ) and Werbach ( 2001 ) stated that John Barger was the first individual who came about with the term â€Å" weblog † in his web site on 17th December 1997 where the term was used to mention to a web site where an single updates on a regular basis ( Branum, 2001 ) . With the tendency of having a web log traveling ballyhoo over the state in recent old ages, we can somehow notice in each web log, code-switching in different spheres takes topographic point. These switches in term of forms and manners differ from people of each age group.Problem StatementSometimes, it crosses our head to utilize merely English as our manner of communicating but under certain fortunes, we tend to code-switch accidentally. This state of affairs happens particularly in a multilingual society. There are times when we realize that merely the usage of certain codification in a peculiar sphere can do linguistic communication meaningful. Over the old ages, in our state, we frequently face the quandary of taking the ‘appropriate ‘ codification to do a linguistic communication meaningful in different spheres. The codification or linguistic communication choice is dependent on the communicator ‘s age group every bit good. Sometimes, it confuses us whether or non a individual of a peculiar age group web logs utilizing same or different manners and forms of code-switching in web logs every bit good as the critical parts that domains play in finding which codification to take to exchange to.Significance of StudyMontes-Alcala ( 2007 ) noted in the yesteryear, there have been a batch of researches done on code-switching in spoken signifier but merely a minority of research workers focus their findings in written signifier. Hence, she conducted a survey on code-switching in the web logs of English-Spanish bilinguals to happen out the frequence of code-switching within their web log entries. Similarly, in our state, a figure of surveies on code-switching have been done on spoken discourses but so far, merely a minority of researches has been carried out to analyze code-switching in web logs in Malaysia. Therefore, this survey is important because it provides a new comprehensiveness for code-switching in written discourse by integrating the usage of CS in web logs. The ground is because different manners of communicating on the cyberspace such as confabs, web logs and chirrups are quickly catching traditional signifiers of communicating for both professional and leisure activities ( Norizah & A ; Azirah, 2009 ) . Therefore, surveies on CS in written signifier should be taken into history.AimsThis survey aims to look into the ground why a individual code-switch from one chosen standardized linguistic communication, English, to another in his or her web log, taking into history bloggers of different age groups. At the same clip, it besides serves to find in which spheres do these bloggers tends to code-switch the most every bit good as their manners and forms of code-switch. Simultaneously, it besides focuses on the factors that initiate and act upon code-switching in their web logs every bit good as the grounds why they chose a specific linguistic communication to code-switch to from English, for illustration, from English to Mandarin or from English to Malay.Scopes of StudyThis survey focuses on code-switching which involves more than two linguistic communications in the most sought-after on-line diary, web log. It focuses on bloggers from two age groups and how the bloggers from this age group web log, taking into consideration the frequence of code-switching within selected entries. Furthermore, different forms and manners they use in different spheres while blogging are highlighted.Restriction of StudyThe country of survey for this research is restricted to those bloggers who use merely English as their chief medium of blogging over a declared period of clip. Merely five bloggers of two different age groups will be selected to take part in this rese arch. Group 1 – 20 to 30 old ages old Group 2 – 50 to 60 old ages old In add-on, merely bloggers from an English instruction background will take part in this research. However, the Numberss of bloggers selected to take part in this research do non stand for the whole.Theoretical ModelThis survey is guided by the old work from assorted research workers such as Montes-Alcala ( 2005 & A ; 2007 ) and Norizah and Azirah ( 2009 ) in their surveies of the code-switching in written discourses.Research QuestionsWhat are the spheres and grounds that influence the bloggers of different age groups to code-switch? What are the differences in the forms and manners of code-switching between bloggers of these two different age groups?Literature ReviewBlom and Gumperz are considered the innovator research workers in code-switching as they did an early survey in the twelvemonth 1972 on the linguistic communication used in a Norse fishing small town through observation and analysis of tape recordings of the society. Through that, they discovered the society used and code-switched in several different linguistic communications when they were pass oning to each other. As the affair of fact, it was dependent on who the talker was turn toing to every bit good as the sphere both addresser and addressee was in. On the other manus, Valdes-Fallis ( 1976 ) , Poplack ( 1981 ) , McClure ( 1981 ) and Gumperz ( 1982 ) in the article, â€Å" Blogging in two linguistic communications: Code-Switching in Bilingual Blogs, † introduced the categorizations of code-switching maps – direct citations, accent, elucidation or amplification, contextual switches, lexical demand switches, triggered switches and others in support of the grounds why people code-switch. Montes-Alcala ‘s ( 2000 ) research merely to happen out that that most of those maps typically manifested in the literature of unwritten code-switching were besides present in the written signifier. Hence, it explains why she did a survey on code-switching jumping between English and Spanish in web logs.Research DesignQualitative method is chosen as the design as it is able to supply factual informations needed to back up the theory that linguistic communication does transform. On the other manus, with qualitative method, a comparative survey on the manners and forms of code-switching in two different age groups in selected spheres can be reasoned with the presence of sufficient informations. Data will be obtained through analysis of web logs to find the spheres of code-switching in selected entries. In add-on to that, a set of questionnaire will be distributed to the selected bloggers to get information of their backgrounds and experiences in blogging. The ground is to acquire to cognize the grounds why they want to code-switch and besides if there is any cause that influences them to code-switch from English to another linguistic communication, be it Mandarin, Malay or others.SubjectsFor this survey a entire Numberss of five bloggers from each age group as stated below are selected to take part in it: Group 1 – 20 to 30 old ages old Group 2 – 50to 60 old ages old These bloggers have to be bi- or multilingual in order to be selected, maintaining in head that English must be their chief medium of blogging. Lone entries with existent code-switching for illustration, alternation of different linguistic communications within the same entry are considered entries without incorporation of other linguistic communications is non considered as code-switching. The ground of restricting the range of the survey is to put a criterion and besides to homogenise the findings so that the informations collected can be more precise to peculiar age groups being studied.Data CollectionThe continuance for informations aggregation of this survey runs from September 2009 to March 2010. Therefore, in the period of six months, the entries posted by these 10 bloggers will be selected indiscriminately and analyzed, foregrounding the differences in forms and manners of code-switching in different spheres. At the same clip, questionnaires with consent signifiers will be distributed to these bloggers in the hope of happening the grounds why they code-switch from English to other linguistic communications and besides to detect the frequence of code-switching among them.Datas AnalysisThe information in this survey is analysed by utilizing the work of Montes-Alcala ( 2000 ) as a guideline. The spheres of which code-switching takes topographic point are noted from the entries of web logs collected. Then, the frequence of code-switching will be tabulated before analysis of findings. On the other manus, the distributed questionnaires will help in happening out under what fortunes or spheres does the bloggers code-switch? Thereafter, these spheres will be categorized and account for code-switching in each sphere will be included. Finally, a comparing of differences in manners and forms of code-switching among these bloggers will be drawn and analyzed.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 39

Assignment Example Under the center part of the floor where will be a series of longitudinal beams, each 18 feett long, at 6 feet 6 inches center-to-center distance. The transverse beams will be connected to pairs of columns in the North-South direction. The longitudinal beams will be placed on top of the columns in the East-West direction. The roof will be built using a series of sheets that will be placed on top of the longitudinal beams to enclose the structure. To prepare the ground for the centre, approximately 650 cubic yards of earth excavation and landscaping will needed to for the floor slab, test pool (see below), and foundations, and to reconstruct the parking lot embankment. It is expected that a backhoe loader will be used to load a truck that will move all soil and any other water material encountered during construction. Access to the proposed Center will be through a pair of large double-doors on the East side, each 15 feet wide and 10 feet high, and two pairs of double-doors on North side, each 8 feet wide and 7 feet high. There will be two key internal features. Firstly, there will be a Construction Laboratory (or workshop) for the concrete canoes, situated at the West end of the proposed Center, which will include overhead storage racks. The interior drywall for this facility is to be estimated and constructed at a later date. Secondly, there will be a Test Pool for the concrete canoes, whose internal dimensions will be : depth 6 feet, width 10 feet, length 100 feet a further 800 cubic feet of reinforced concrete will be required This will require a further 6000 cubic feet (23 cubic yards) of excavation, which will needed to the accounted for as part of the Estimates presented below. The Test Pool will a rectangular trough shape with 1 foot wall and floor thicknesses. The Test Pool will positioned approximately centered in and underneath the floor slab. A water filter and pump

Textile ARt Model's Comparison and Contrast Essay

Textile ARt Model's Comparison and Contrast - Essay Example Textile art is one of the most fundamental mediums of art. One of the two pieces of art discussed in the following section is the robe of the Empress Dowager Cixi and the other piece of art is the Amish crazy quilt. The Textile Art The textile art has been just as famous throughout the history as it is today. Its immense popularity can be attributed to the fact that fabric has been one of the most fundamental needs of humans at all times. Cloth was needed not only to cover the body, but also to protect it against the harsh effects of the weather. Besides, cloth is used as bed-spreads, table tops, curtains, nets and several other things of huge domestic significance. Its great usability is what always renders the textile art extreme value, importance and appreciation. The Empress’s Dress and the Amish Crazy Quilt: Contrast and comparison Clothes an individual chooses to cover the body essentially depict the taste of the individual and play a big role in improving or tarnishing the looks of the individual. A cloth may be of very good color otherwise, though if it does not go well with the complexion of the person wearing it, the beauty of the color loses its significance and it looks more odd than enchanting. On the other hand, if the color of the clothes is matched with the complexion, it speaks volumes about the taste and sense of style of the person wearing it. That is the fundamental reason why we can see the yellow dress of the Empress bordered with a thick strip whose dark color compliments the central portion as shown in the figure below: Empress Dowager Cixi’s Robe (â€Å"Denver Art Museum†). In order to facilitate the comparison and contrast the Amish crazy quilt is shown in the following figure: The Amish crazy quilt (â€Å"Denver Art Museum†). Period of the chosen art models: Crazy quilts were extremely popular in the US starting from the early 1870s till late 1920s. The dress in the second picture belongs to the Empress Dow ager Cixi who was born in 1835 and died in 1908. The two fabrics essentially existed in the same period, with the quilt being in fashion for about one to two decades after the death of the Empress. Market of the two art models: The quilt and dress differ in that the former was a public property and anyone could purchase or somehow acquire a quilt of his/her own whereas the dress solely was the property of the Empress Dowager Cixi and could not be accessed by common people. The Empress that possessed the dress was in charge of the Manchu throne of China whereas the crazy quilts were as famous and common among the ordinary people as the big landlords. Material: The material used for the making of the dress and the quilt was different. The dress of the Empress is made up of lightweight gauze and is suitable for wearing in the summer season whereas solid colored materials and fabrics were made use of to make the Amish crazy quilts, and unlike the dress of the Empress, these quilts were suitable for use in the winter season. The dress and quilt were similar in the quality that neither of the two had excessive ornamentation, though if the two were to be compared, the quilt had more ornaments than the dress. The beauty of these quilts was that they were made in a highly informal fashion. Non-Amuish makers of the quilt kept collecting irregular and rough silk and velvet fabrics in order to

The Economics and Governance of Innovation and Institutions Essay

The Economics and Governance of Innovation and Institutions - Essay Example Innovations are associated with basic and radical transformations in an organization’s operations, and can be triggered by factors such as technological advancement, increased competition and quality standards among other aspects of the external environment. Through innovation, firms are able to capitalize on strengths and to take opportunity over competitors’ weaknesses. This paper discusses the reasons why innovation processes may exhibit different features in different industries. Definitions of Key Terms Innovation- a process of transforming an idea in to a product or service. This is forms the foundation of this paper Consumer decision making process- a process through which consumers make decisions on whether to buy a product or service. It affects acceptance of innovative products Product differentiation- production of distinct products allowing consumers a wide variety of products to choose from. It results from product innovation Features of Innovation in Diffe rent Industries Pavit (1984) established that innovation originates from the application of creative ideas to develop marketable products from the existing ones. ... Customer preferences change with time and therefore continuous assessment of the market is needed. Innovations targeted at consumer satisfaction depend on research that helps managers to determine market dynamics in terms of consumer preferences. Malerba & Orsenigo (1997) present a perspective of constant brand extension to maintain a firm’s performance. Brand extension is a significant strategy used by firms in marketing whereby the name of a popular brand in the market is used to market an innovative brand from the same company. The spin-off, which is the new product, is unlikely to be known by consumers on its own. The brand name under which it is sold may encourage consumers since they associate it with the quality of the original product. Brand extension raises a firm’s profitability since it deals with various products. The attitude of consumers towards a particular brand determines the success of the firm in extending it (Pavit, 1984). The higher the value attach ed to the brand, the more a firm is likely to succeed in its extension. Moreover, the satisfaction derived from both products matters since the more related the products are in terms of utility, the more consumers are likely to accept the extended brand. Brand extension also revitalizes the diminishing image of the original brand (Nelson, 1991). Consumers in most situations are attracted to an innovative firm whereby they are presented with creative products that they believe are an advancement of the old brand. The new products make the old brand to reappear or become more frequent than before in the market. With the understanding that the new product has an added value, they are likely to

Causes of the Financial Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Causes of the Financial Crisis - Essay Example The analysis takes a global outlook to examine the various issues connected with the financial turmoil which is believed to be begun as a result of U S mortgage crisis. There are divergent opinions as to what caused this global phenomenon that resulted in the ravage and meltdown of stock markets in almost all countries. The present chapter, however, throws lights on the reasons that are generally believed to have contributed to the most distressed global crisis The US originated crisis started late in the 20th century became acute in 2007 from the US subprime lending market like a distant tornado. More than two million homes financed by subprime lenders were expected to face foreclosure in the period of crisis and nearly 17% of subprime mortgages issued so far were projected to fail (Center for Responsible Lending). The roots of the current US subprime lending crisis can be traced back to the spiraling housing prices in the first half of this decade. Extremely low lending and borrowing rates increased the demand and supply of existing and new houses. Several institutions started offering subprime mortgages, to borrowers who had unfavorable credit history, at lower than normal repayment interest levels with little or no down payments. Many investment banks and hedge fund owners began to bet on this new aspect of the US economy. This had allowed investors to avail themselves of loans at low interest rates and invest them in higher yielding a venues. But soon with the US Central Bank (Federal Reserve) initiating a series of interest rate hikes leading to the increase of cost of borrowing to 5.25%, which is the maximum since the last half a decade, and a simultaneous decrease in housing prices, the subprime mortgages were reset at high rates leaving the borrowers to foreclose their accounts and miss payments (Lawrence 2000). As an outcome, financial institutions and banks with mortgage securities incurred huge losses and had to trade their assets leading to subprime lending crisis. Even though "Countrywide Financial", the biggest mortgage lender in the US, managed to withstand this crisis owing to the diversification in writing of the loans, other big players like New Century Financial, DR Horton, Weyerhaeuser and American Home Mortgage are all reeling under its impact (Kenneth 1990). 2. Low Inflation For 15 years the US economy had long and continuous economic expansion with low inflation. The US economy was following an expansionary monetary and fiscal policy. There was excess liquidity in the economy. During this period, the rate of interest was very low and there was a housing sector boom. During this good time, financial institutions, particularly investment banks showed a lot of interest in providing housing loan. They took heavy risk and made huge profits. High profits encouraged the banks to take higher risk. High leveraged transaction with life covenant became the norm. They started providing loan to prime as well as subprime borrowers though the borrowers did not have the capacity to repay the loan if the interest rate would go up. Loans were given on the assumption that housing prices always would go up and in the initial stage; borrowers were charged lower interest rate. 3. Fall of Major Investment Banks and Financial Institutions The

The tribes of Sami and Kawelka Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The tribes of Sami and Kawelka - Essay Example It involves the countries of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola region of modern Russia. Their main economic activities were hunting, fishing, and trapping. The Sami people language is a Finno-Ugric language that is closely related to the Finnish, Estonian, Livonian, and Votic languages. In Folklore traditions, the Sami people believed in spirits, which they related to different places and with their ancestors. As with many other different religions, the Sami people had different believes in myths and legends who were concerned with the underworld. The religion of the Sami people made them believe that the humans and inanimate being had a soul. They had a priest known as noaidi who acted as the intermediary between the material world and their spiritual world. His role involved consulting the dead through a trance-induced tradition of beating magic drums and a special kind of chanting popularly known as juoigan. The Sami people have different rites of passage. The Sami people have mostly avoided the ritual of baptism. Instead, their culture requires them not to have surnames and therefore they name their children after recently deceased elders or infants. The Sami people way of relationships has been outstanding. The Sami are known for their courtesy and hospitality. They consider the knowledge of the Sami language as the most important way of identifying someone as their fellow Sami. The Sami people are traditionally reindeer herding community. They maintained more than one permanent dwelling but mostly lived in tents. Their permanent homes were either frame buildings or sod huts. They commonly know their tents as Lavvos. Their tents and huts were arranged around a central fire. The family life of the Sami people was mostly done by living in groups of families known as siida. Traditionally it was the role of the Sami men to engage in herding, hunting, making boats, sleds, and tools while the women

Describe the technology infrastructure management activities of an Essay

Describe the technology infrastructure management activities of an organisation that is engaging in e-commerce in a substantial - Essay Example Enhancing output, falling expenditure and increasing facilities for customers have been some of significant viable components in any winning organization. In addition, geography, as well as structures of procedures is not enjoying the significance as vital factors, as medium organizations are now benefiting from the platform of internet to sell their goods and services and pierce new markets in the enormously little period. Ivy Incorporation is a company in a developing location with the populace of approximately three million. Analysis has indicated that it exists in a very minute business platform with inadequate natural assets that finished it nearly impractical to depend on such resources for its expansion (Pacey, 2000, 524-632). Encouraged by advances within internet and web, Ivy Incorporation is stepping into the IT era, where information is enjoying its status as a major force behind its viable achievement. Moreover, Ivy incorporation has recognized significance of information assets within novel financial system and need to spend in its populace to continue viable (Zack et al., 2009). With Ivy incorporation situated as the information entrance within region, company’s objective to develop into the international core is striking to a number of firms with worldwide procedures. Ivy incorporation has started ‘e-commerce plan’ (Zack et al., 2009) to encourage e-business and to persuade industry to take benefit of its infrastructure. In particular, experts have indicated that e-commerce is ‘employment of inter-networked computers to make and convert business relation. The wide definition of e-commerce is that it is dependent on digital communication and information technology’ (Estache, et al., 2002, 41-93). In this regard, one can say that e-business is expected to simplify the processes of business, while also making the business more competent to survive in the world today. The typical functions of an e-business include the online selling and purchasing of goods, services and information. ‘This business definition of e-commerce could be broader or narrower’ (Estache, et al., 2002, 41-93). E-business is one of these broader terms used to describe these in the narrow sense of the word. A narrow definition, on the other hand, states that it is a transactional feature. Basically, e-commerce is any series of transactions where goods and services are traded through computer networks. This applies to both open and congested networks. Electronic Commerce Hotbed It is the scheme to deal with vital matters related to e-commerce endorsement, as well as accomplishment. Methodology selected is to band assets of main participants of electronic commerce, for example, IT firms, traders, communications suppliers, decision makers, as well as examiners (Yoon, 2006, 351-65). Together with business allies, for example, IT organizations and financial associations, company has formed communications system to fa cilitate procedures of e-commerce, for example, ‘e-banking, e-payment services and various agent e-commerce services’ (Kunigami et al., 2010, 98-105). In particular, the hotbed of e-commerce is concerned on 7 most important elements (Shirky, 2008, 924-1023). These areas consist of: ‘

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 5

International Marketing - Essay Example I propose that the company starts operations in Dubai and later set footprints in other cities like Abu Dhabi and finally cover the other Emirates that make up UAE. My long term goal is for the company to have a strong brand presence in the Middle East and ultimately become the market leader in this potentially rewarding market. My main reason for choosing Dubai as the international market of choice is because of its strategic location in the Middle East, physical environment, income levels, population and industry conditions. According to Gilligan and Hird (1996), a strong economy is essential for the success of a company in the international market. A keen look at Dubai reveals that the city is one of the richest and it is also emerging as one of the most glamorous. Income levels are quite high and this is backed by a strong economy with plenty of oil and gas reserves. The tourism industry in Dubai is also blossoming and the real estate market is emerging as among the best in the world. The influx of foreign professionals mostly from the western countries has made the Dubai market suitable for investment. High income levels in particular present a very good opportunity for the company to increase its sales. Disposable income is quite high and taking into consideration that bottled water is a luxury, then this presents a market opportunity not to be missed. Availability of manpower is another factor that influenced my decision. Professionals around the world have made Dubai their home because of the quality of life it offers. The company will therefore have a wide pool of professional to choose from. Walsh (1993) points out that availability of qualified and affordable labour is a key ingredient for the success of a company on the international scene. The cost of labour is considerably low because of the large number of migrants who go to Dubai in search of jobs. This means that Highland Spring ltd will have access to not only qualified labour but also at an

Cooperate recruitment and selection policies Essay

Cooperate recruitment and selection policies - Essay Example The strategy behind recruitment is to come up with a group of competent, skilled and experienced individuals. Another important aim is to cut on personnel cost. Employing inappropriate individuals is costly to the organization. In an organization, recruitment policy helps to establish the possible outcome prior to a successful recruitment process. The process involves looking into the position to be filled and determining the appropriate candidate to fill it. This will require proper outlined job description and person specification. In addition, organizations goals are analyzed. Recruiting process involves the following; preparation, by carefully examining recruitment. Secondly, decision is made on who will conduct the process. Thirdly, the employee is sourced using various ways which include, advertising the job position, using consultants and even online through the internet. Fourthly, organizations need to accomplish legislative obligations, and finally application methods to be used are determined before hand. Recruitment and selection process involves several considerations, which include; Organization to conduct appropriate planning and estimation to come up with the duties, which the candidate appointed to fill a position, will be required to perform. Secondly, the organization will come up with a group of individuals for the vacant positions in the organization by conducting recruitment process of internal or external candidates. Thirdly, each individual fills application forms. The fourth step is whereby different selection methods are applied in order to identify appropriate candidates. These methods include conducting various tests, investigating ones background, and using set psychological exams. Fifthly, the selected candidates meet the organization manager who is responsible for that particular job. Finally, the manager and other members of the organization conduct selection interviews. The manager will

Computer & Engineering Essay Example for Free

Computer Engineering Essay How Individual information systems can improve personal productivity ( My Own Practice) Reading, writing, arithmetic, speaking, and listening are all considered basic skills. These skills are useful over a wide range of problems that people encounter. Now use of computer-based personal productivity tools is emerging as a new standard in education. My own skills improved and still growing with that strange hit and pick the keys of keyboard and the big different way to writing and do our thing without pencil or pen if I wont to draw my sketch ( Because I’m production engineer and how can make a report or set workers as list to describe the way to product. But I wont to set specific way and the main benefits from changing from pen to computer hit at key and I think it is the time for future systematic way to discuss our self by computerize way or systematic by set points and discuss productivity tools : My Process Writing: Many of the fundamental ideas regarding personal productivity tools can be illustrated using a word processor. It is likely that I have used a word processor; thus, a number of the ideas given here will be familiar with me. To begin, you know that there is a considerable difference between being able to use a writing toolbe it pencil and paper or a word processorand being able to write [[effectively]]. The tool, by itself, does not make you into a writer. Writing is a process designed to produce a document that communicates a message. Typically, the production of a written product goes through several steps that, collectively, are known as process writing. 1. Conception of ideas and development of these ideas. This may involve brainstorming, doodling, making brief notes, and a lot of thinking. 2. Development of an initial draft. This involves getting the conceptualized ideas into words. 3. Obtaining and making use of feedback. Feedback from oneself and others is used to produce revised versions of the initial draft. Often this involves repeated cycling back to step 1 and/or 2. 4. Polishing the final draft for publication. This includes final cleanup on spelling and grammar. Nowadays, it often includes formatting the materials in a professional manner using desktop publishing techniques. Computers can play an important role in each of these four steps of process writing. While the first step may be primarily mental, there are a variety of pieces of software designed to aid in jotting down ideas and organizing these ideas. [[See specifically, software designed to aid in cognitive mapping or concept mapping.]] In addition, most modern word processors include an outliner. This makes it easy to get rough draft ideas into the machine and to reorganize them as needed. Revision is an important idea in problem solving as well. There are many problem-solving situations in which one can develop a proposed solution and then get feedback from oneself and others on the quality of the proposed solution. The feedback is then used in doing revisions to the proposed solution. The feedback and revision cycle continues until a satisfactory solution is obtained. Desktop publishing has become a major industry. All word-processing software contains provisions for producing a final document that is nicely laid out. Professionallevel desktop-publishing software contains a wide range of aids to produce professionallooking final products. Such documents often make use of graphics and color. They may be laid out in columns, make use of a range of type styles and sizes, and be designed to help convey their messages. A person can learn to keyboard in a hunt-and-peck mode with just a minute or so of instruction. Young children can learn such keyboarding more easily than they can learn to form letters using pencil and paper. Similarly, it takes only a few minutes of instruction to learn how to use a word processor in a hunt-and-peck mode. However, this low level of word-processor use is only a modest aid to productivity in writing. It is too slow and it does not take advantage of the powerful writing aids that are built into a modern word processor. Four things for a word processor to be a useful personal process writing aid: 1. Keyboarding skills. You need not be a touch typist, even though it is helpful. Many professional writers are not touch typists. They look at the keyboard and they use only a couple of fingers from each hand as they keyboard. However, they know where the keys are and they have considerable speed. The skills that they have developed are adequate to fit their needs. And I am good now at that speed to make the typing more easily. 2. Word-processing skills. For example, how do you do a cut and paste? How do you do a search and replace? How do you use a spell checker and a thesaurus? How do you create tables, alphabetize a list, or automate the production of an index and table of contents? The manual for a modern word processor may be many hundreds of pages in length. 3. Word processor-assisted writing skills. In essence, paper and pencil provide a linear writing environment where it is difficult to correct errors and even more difficult to make significant overall revisions to a document. Interchanging the order of two paragraphs requires recopying an entire page or more. The word- processing environment is different. It takes a lot of training and experience to unlearn some of the linear and restrictive writing habits that are required when working with pencil and paper, and to learn to take advantage of the power of a word processor. 4. Desktop publication knowledge and skills. Before the development of desktop publication, many people made a living in the design, layout, and typesetting of print materials. Both design and typesetting were skilled professions. Now, desktop publication tools have made the writer more and more responsible for design and typesetting. Generic Computer Productivity Tools We use the term generic tool to describe a software tool that is applicable over a wide range of different disciplines. The word processor and desktop-publishing tools discussed in the previous section are examples of generic tools. To make effective use of a generic tool, you need to know both the tool and the domain of application. You already have a reasonable level of expertise in many different domains. Thus, as you learn to use one of these generic tools, you will find that it is relatively easy to apply the tool to your areas of expertise. There are many software tools that might be considered generic. The following list has been arranged in alphabetical order and I am doing my work with that software tool because my work depend on it . Computer-assisted design (CAD). Notice how this computer application relates to spatial intelligence in the Howard Gardner list of multiple intelligences. CAD software is used to do architectural and engineering drawings of products that are to be constructed. A CAD system can be used in the design of all sorts of products. Such software is used in place of the ruler, compass, protractor, and other tools formerly used by the draftsperson. Database. A database is an organized collection of information, often specific to one particular topic. A telephone book is a database of names, addresses, and telephone numbers. A computerized database is much easier to edit (add entries, make corrections, delete entries) than a printed database. A computerized database is designed to make it easy to locate needed information. It is also designed to make it easy to sort information into a desired format or to prepare reports based on parts of the information. ï‚ · Desktop presentation (to university oral presentations). The overhead projector, filmstrip projector, movie projector, [[slide projector,]] tape recorder, and video projector have gradually merged into a computer-based system. Material to be presented is stored on computer disk in digital form and edited using the computer. The presenter then uses the desktop-presentation system interactively when making the oral presentation. Desktop publication. A computer system is used to store, edit, design, and lay out the materials that are to be published in printed form. Output may be to a printer, to film used to make plates to go on a printing press, or directly to a printing press. Graphics (paint and draw programs). A paint program has some of the characteristics of a set of painting tools, while a draw program has some of the characteristics of a set of drawing tools. Taken together, these tools can be used to accomplish a wide range of graphic artist tasks. The graphics that are produced can be used in a word-processing document, in desktop presentation, or in other types of computer applications. Graphing (for graphing data and functions). Numerical data is easily converted to a wide range of different types of graphs, such as bar graph, line graph, pie chart, and so on. Mathematical functions can be represented graphically. For example, a three-dimensional mathematical surface can be represented on the computer screen and then rotated to allow viewing from different perspectives. A lot of our project with university topics we do it by graphing. Groupware. This software combines telecommunications with personal productivity tools. It is designed to facilitate a group of people from different locations in working jointly, both simultaneously and individually, on a computer-based project. Increasingly, groupware will include provisions for the users to talk to each other and see each other as they work together. Hypermedia. A hypermedia document is designed to be used [[read]] interactively by a computer user. It may combine text, sound, graphics, color, and video in a nonlinear fashion. The nonlinearity and interactivity mean that reading a hypermedia document requires the use of a computer. Increasingly, our educational system is working to have students become reading and writing hypermedia literate. Math systems. There are a number of comprehensive software packages that can solve a huge range of math problems. Such software can solve the types of problems that students struggle over in algebra, calculus, and other math courses. The use of such software in these courses leads to a drastic change in the nature of the courses. And, of course, it leads to a drastic change in the ability of students to actually solve the types of problems they are studying in the courses. Spreadsheet. A spreadsheet is designed to aid in doing bookkeeping, accounting, and modeling of business problems. It can also be used in other computational situations in which one works with a table of numbers and form ulas. A key feature is that the computer system can automatically rework all of the computations represented in the table whenever you make a change to any of the numbers or formulas. Telecommunications [(for communication among people, information, and machines)]]. Telecommunications is the electronic link between people, computers, and other machines. This may be via a local area network, perhaps just connecting people, computers, and machines that are all in one building. It may also be a worldwide connection, using local and long distance telephone lines, satellites, microwave systems, and fiber optics. Intelligent, digital connectivity is having a major impact on the societies and people of our planet. Word processor. A word processor is software designed to aid in writing. A modern word processor contains a number of features, such as a spell checker, thesaurus, graphics, and graphing, that may be of use to a writer. There is no clear dividing line between a word processor and desktop-publishing software. Although a generic computer-based personal productivity tool can be used in many different disciplines, each tool is oriented towards representing and solving certain somewhat specific types of problems. With me all that thing above change my way to solving problems and I try to make it more easily for me and update my experiences with the latest version of that software or methods .

Cambodia And Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay

Cambodia And Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay Our global environment has irregularly changed from year to year. There are many scientific evidences showing that climate change is caused by two factors including natural causes and human activities mainly affecting to the global atmosphere due to the emission of greenhouse gases, such as Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (NO2), and other industrial gases. The change of climate by human activities has caused negative impacts including global warming, sea level rise, increased natural disaster (cyclone, flood, and drought) and has impacted economic development. Obviously, Climate change is real and happening in Cambodia that it cannot avoid. Cambodia is considered to suffer much due to its high levels of poverty and poor infrastructure to cope with natural disasters and other longer-term effects of climate change. Hench, Cambodia is likely vulnerable to Climate Change and Global Warming and in the mean time the rest of the world is concerning that it comes to be dis cussed and debate. The term climate change is often associated with the term global warming. Climate change can be defined as the significant changes in the climate of the Earth, such as precipitation, temperature or wind, which lasts for long period of time, for decades or longer. Global warming can occur from a number of causes, both man-made and naturally occurring. Global warming is also commonly associated with the warming that occurs as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities. (What is Climate Change and the Difference between Climate Change and Global Warming) Global warming and climate change can impact agriculture and food production around the world due to: the effects of elevated CO2 in the atmosphere, higher temperatures, altered precipitation and transpiration regimes, increased frequency of extreme events, and modified weed, pest, and pathogen pressure. Cambodia is one of the developing countries which tends to give less impacts of climate change than in wealthy industrialized countries. Anyways, Cambodia is likely to suffer from the impacts of climate change and global warming that it need to adapt to those changes, especially in terms of droughts, floods, soil erosion and the loss of biodiversity. This in turn will affect land productivity and people will become poorer. In the mean time, Cambodia is an agricultural country that many hectares of land are growing rice. After rice, we keep the land idle, which means we dont grow year-round. As a matter of fact, rice production can contribute to climate change, through flooded fields and the use of chemical pesticides and nitrogenous fertilizers. Agricultural can also potentially help mitigate climate change through soil carbon sequestration by practicing sustainable agriculture practices. (Workshop, May 27-28,2010) More importantly, man-made have impacted most on climate change and global warming. Population growth has disturbed the balance between our ecosystems on our planet as the atmosphere and seas pollution, destruction of the rain forests, fire burning out of control, alteration of sensitive ecosystems, and destruction of the ozone layer. These activities have created an unprecedented Climate Change and Global Warming. Obviously, in Cambodia there is a big space between the rich and the poor as poverty remain the big problem that many poor people live in the disorder condition. Usually people who live next to the river, lakes or sea, mostly water quality is not good since water is polluted by wastes, rubbishes, poisonous chemical substances from pesticides of farmers and industrial wastes or accidents that lead to the endanger of people health. In addition to Cambodias disorder infrastructure which pollutes the clean air due to the smoke of those machines as well as many old vehicles rem ained in the cities produce too much harm on environment. Moreover, Cambodia had faced many wars that left many explosives on many hectares of land which is not only the greatest danger of humanity, but may also have a long-term cumulative effect on the earth climate. Developing countries like Cambodia have been severely affected by climate change and lack the resource to tackle on its own, Hun Sen said at the opening ceremony Monday at the countrys first National Forum on Climate Change. Even though there is a strict environmental policies adopted by developed and developing countries, in somehow the rule of law and economic development is still weak and Cambodia in some way was affected. For instance, there are reports that tons of toxic waste is deposited in Cambodia by other nations. In November 1998, a large quantity of mercury-laden waste from Taiwan was dumped in Sihanouk Ville, a famous tourist and port area in Cambodia. Due to health concerns, thousands of residents fled from the area, resulting in several accidents along a bumpy, narrow road with at least four dead and 13 injured. Surprisingly, a month later another case was found involving more than 650 tons of film scraps from Taiwan again. In addition, several months prior to this, th e Sihanouk Ville police found waste materials including x-rays, used cassette and videotapes from South Korea. (New York Times). Cambodia is a victim of climate change, and developed countries should shoulder more responsibility in reversing the effects of global warming, said Prime Minister Hun Sen (National  Forum  on  Climate  Change). For this reason the rich was blamed to be more responsible that they have more resources to settle this matter and huge countries should not blame less-developed countries.   Climate Change and Global Warming give direct and indirect impact on the country, community and individual level. On the country level, Cambodia which largely depends on agriculture is vulnerable to agricultural inactivity and losses due to natural disasters. Therefore it will experience slow economic growth due to the global recession and economic crisis which lead to poor and underdeveloped health infrastructure that aggravate health problems and further burden the government. Many livelihoods will be affected by natural disasters. Not only homes and properties, agricultural produce and health, but even community as a whole that result in facing the economic downturn, hence it will lead to more social crime. For instance, by the end of the century, higher sea levels in the Mekong Delta, where nearly half of Vietnams rice is grown, may inundate about half (~1.4 million ha) of the deltas agricultural lands. Compared to developed and other developing states, Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States have released relatively small amounts of fossil fuels and thus contribute little harm to climate change and global warming. Yet they seem to be suffered the most. Developing countries in Asia like Cambodia has the least capacity to adapt to Climate Change and Global warming and is therefore in need of whatever external support in order to cope with these issues. Low adaptive capacity has made Cambodia among the most vulnerable region despite it is relatively low suffered from Climate hazard. However, still other areas with high adaptive are vulnerable due to their high population densities and closed location to Climate hazard of sea level rise and floods namely Jakarta and Thailand (John E .Newby/WWF Canon, October 2009). It has been known for some time the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) is the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to changing weather patterns, particularly severe floods and droughts that lead to immense poverty, hunger and disease. The rising sea level, along with other climatic changes, threatens the very survival of many SIDS. Approximately 860 million people in LDCs and SIDS will be adversely affected by climate change, many of them becoming environmental refugees. (Hamilton, 2005). Many SIDS rely on one or few economic activities, especially tourism or fisheries, both of which are highly influenced due to natural disasters. Climate change is expected to impact aquatic ecosystems, and alter the distribution and production of fish. Fish migration routes, spawning and feeding grounds, and fishing seasons are all likely to change, and the impacts on fishing communities are uncertain. Rising seas, more severe storms, and saltwater intrusion in the deltas will damage the regions aquaculture industry, which is based on species with limited saline tolerance, such as catfish in the Mekong Delta. Cambodia and Vietnam are among the most vulnerable on recent climate change impacts on fishery in 130 countries that is heavy dependence on fisheries, high exposure to climate risks, and limited coping capacity (Mirza, 2003). Apart from that Asian is the places of interest for tourists, including wildlife areas and parks may be disrupted with less tourism due to Climate Change and it also has significantly impacted on agriculture and decreasing in the supply of water and soil moisture during the dry season, which put the stress on the available of water supplies and increasing the need for irrigation. Rice growing areas may also be affected which gives a bad effect on agricultural trade, economic growth and the development (McLeman, 2005). For instance, farmers who directly depend on agriculture are vulnerable to extreme events which can destroy their entire crop due to floods or droughts that occur unpredictably or at the wrong time of the cropping cycle (Warner et al. 2009). The participations from other NGOs and INGOs are really necessary in order to cope with Climate Change and Global Warming. For instance, UNDPs climate change work in Cambodia focuses on strengthening the capacity of government to respond to climate change, creating opportunities for knowledge sharing and building partnerships, as well as supporting research into the impacts of climate change on the countrys economic and human development. For the fulfillment on Climate Change in Cambodia, UNDP has supported the Ministry of Environment to produce various technical reports since 1999 with funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The work of UNDP has not only helped the country fulfill its obligations under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), but to strengthen governments capacity to respond to climate change, mainly through the Cambodia Climate Change Office (UNDP release ). Climate Change and Global Warming is the hot issue that it is not concern in the region Cambodia itself but as the globe issue; therefore it need to be involved from everyone and other institutions. As a poor country like Cambodia we need some fund in respond to Climate Change and Global Warming for we cannot cope with such a problem alone. According to the project by the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance, Cambodia is supported its capacity to develop and strengthening preparedness for climate change risk; for instance, to communities that are vulnerable to climate change and other natural hazards. To run this project, CCCA grants will be implemented that requires the support from the Government and civil society, as well as with technical support by external development partners. More than 80 per cent of Cambodians rely directly on agriculture for their livelihoods, but global warming is likely to affect rainfall patterns, possibly causing crop failures and food shortages. Moreover, the impact of climate change will be an unprecedented and increasing global threat to life, livelihoods and life-supporting systems. Actually, Cambodias contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is low which ranked number 109 by the World Resources Institute, with emissions of only 0.29 tons of carbon dioxide per head of population each year. Nonetheless, Cambodia is suffered from the effects of global warming due to excessive emissions in other parts of the world. Like other countries in Southeast Asia, Cambodia is expected to experience higher and more intense rainfall. The effects are likely to include more severe water scarcity and more frequent floods, resulting in crop failures and food shortages. A remarkable loss of biodiversity will cause a decline in ecosystem services. C oastal communities and eco-systems are likely to be affected by rises in sea levels as well. Hench, higher temperatures and humidity will create conditions for increased incidence of malaria and dengue fever. In respond the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance (CCCA) was announced at the forum by the EU and UNDP and formally launched in February 2010. Despite Cambodia is likely to be hardest hit by climate change, Cambodia was selected to be a pilot country which was funded in the form of pooled and non-targeted resources on the basis of contractual agreements between each donor and UNDP by development partners (UNDP/Arantxa). In regard to the environmental protection, includes sustainable management and sustainable use of natural resources in responses to Climate Change and Global Warming, both international level and national one are together trying to cope with it. In this spirit, Cambodia has been working hard to fulfill its own obligation as it fully supports the efforts to address climate change based on the key principles of the United Nations Framework of Convention on Climate Change, which require specific needs and special circumstances of developing country parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. Consequently, Cambodia have acceded the Kyoto Protocol on 04 Jul, 2002 (UNDP, 2004). Moreover Cambodia has completed National Adaptation Program of Action to Climate Change (NAPA) in late 2006 to address the urgent and immediate needs of the country adapt to climate change (Trisurat, 2009). Besides national concern, there are also concern form international actors and outsider states on this problem. In this regard, UNFCCC has created the High-level Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing, chaired by Norways Prime Minister Stoltenberg. Moreover, the US has pledged US$5 million to catalyze efforts to mitigate emissions of Black Carbon, and other countries Norway, Canada, Sweden, Denmark and Finland have joined in this effort and may also pledge contributions (Otero, 2010). According to the concern from some head of states has risen that solutions to the problems of climate change should be reinforced and coordinate in an integrate manner within the framework of sustainable development (8th Asia-Europe Summit Brussels, 2010). At first Cambodia could not fulfill National Adaptation Program of Action to Climate to Climate Change (NAPA) only until in late 2006 that it succeed in the fulfillment to address the urgent and immediate needs of the country adapt to climate change. It is clear that least developed countries like Cambodia and others are the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to their limited adaptive climate change capacities. It is clear that weather related change and complex man-mad disaster are increasing frequency and severely in one nation can affect to various part of the world. Their impact on the environment and on climate cannot be overlook. Therefore, broad commitments to address climate change should be agreed at a regional level to ensure that the actions of one country do not negatively affect or undermine the efforts of their neighbors. Though the results of environmental and natural depletion may not be visible now, it will be a heavy burden for Cambodias next generations, who will have difficulty in ecological system. It illustrates that Cambodia is facing the risk of unsustainable development for its next generation. Immediate action is required to tackle hence the government and all other stakeholders must come up with strong policies and fast action to combat climate change. In short, Climate change is closely linked to human activities not only in wealthy industrialized countries people and their livelihoods but also other less developing countries. In particular Climate Change will impact the social and economic in small islands, and also affecting key sectors such as tourism and agriculture, and resulting in risky infrastructure due to Climate variability, including extreme events such as storms, floods and sustained droughts. Therefore the negative impacts of climate change could create a new group of refugees, who may migrate into new settlements to seek new living. Indeed, LDCs and SIDS have neither the financial resources nor the technical capacities to meet their adaptation needs due to climate change and global warming. Consequently, the international community needs to provide stronger financial and technical support to the LDCs and SIDS through the special funds under international frameworks. . In respond special effort needs to be done. Obviously, Cambodia is likely to experience the impacts of climate change and therefore must be prepared to adapt to the changes on the environment, especially in terms of droughts, floods, soil erosion and the loss of biodiversity. Consequently, they will need to adopt sustainable practices on agriculture by reducing the vulnerability of soil based agricultural production systems through the management of soil fertility, management of the cycle of soil more efficiently in grasslands and cropping systems. (Canon, Oct,2009). Moreover, there should be the participating of NGO network members and the government in order to increase their understanding on the issue and what everyone can do is to save water, against pollution, forest protection, wildlife or animals and environmental reservation, recycle, reuse the energy recreation that is a part of daily life. Therefore, in respond to address Climate Change, we should improved energy efficien cy and better use of alternative and renewable energy. We must encourage investment in clean development mechanisms and therefore, green economy must be considered at the top priority of the development agenda. Hence, all countries need to consider setting their own Green House Gaze in the limited target and promote sustainable management of natural resources. Moreover, the regions governments and people need to identify a way to sustainably develop their economies, alleviate poverty, and conserve the regions extraordinary species and ecosystems. The region should improve environmental management capacity and more effective conservation in order to adapt to and reduce the unavoidable climate change impacts (Canon, Oct,2009).

Eco-Translatoloty: English Translation of Chinese Classics

Eco-Translatoloty: English Translation of Chinese Classics Study on the Development of English Translation of Chinese Classics from the perspective of Eco-translatology Keywords: Ecological Translation Studies, the Chinese classics, translation, traditional culture, development trend. Abstract. Eco translation studies is the use of ecological rationality, from the perspective of ecological integrity of research conducted overview of translation. Ecological Studies on translation and cultural tradition of literary translation and translation studies doctrine itself poses a challenge. It digestion for the translation of the selection process anthropocentric mindset, and construction of a new paradigm, according to this paradigm or principle, the translation of the selection is not based on their own subjective likes and dislikes translator , but rather it should be based on self-selected text translatability. This should ensure that translation studies as a scientific discipline basic premise. As a sub-discipline of translation studies, translation studies has its own ecological characteristics: both to the translation of the excavations carried out in order to peruse its translatability in the process of translation should be possible to preserve the original text in the target language of ecology balance. Introduction From the 1990s, translation studies teaching model has been more and more attention of scholars parties. But the current translation teaching mode mostly from translation theory and educational theory in two directions, from the overall concept and the system cannot analyze the concept of the existing problems. In todays era of globalization, with increasingly frequent cultural exchanges among peoples, the role of translation has become more and more indispensable. Thus the study of translation will no doubt be referred to the academic research agenda. Translation Studies, Translation Studies or, after having gone through cultural shift will be where development has become a common problem of domestic and international translation researchers think. In the past few years, through the joint efforts of scholars, or Translation Studies Translation Studies has made great progress, which finally established his position in the territory of discipline, but is moving in a relatively independent and mature Humanities and Social Sciences branch of the direction of development. Ecological translation studies should be regarded as a branch of translation studies. Translation Studies ecological ecology theory and criticism along with methods other scholars in literature is being translated rise, it is strongly traditional literary and cultural translation and translation studies doctrine itself poses a challenge. But in the contemporary translation studies, there is still a considerable number of scholars of this branch of the significance and vitality skeptical. Given the ecological Translation Studies research in fact already exists in the practice of translation studies, and therefore the relationship between ecological research or ecological criticism of this paper is to explore ecological translation studies and literature. Ecological translation studies started in 2001 is in full swing in 2009. This is a gradual process. If our system of discourse constructed as an output result of this process, then the result is bound to have its occurrence, the basis for development, the premise and conditions, etc. Consequently, many students believe that translation can only teach courses probably do not even trust the ability of teachers in translation. The new school was to explore ecological Translation Translation Teaching Model provides a new perspective. State translation theory as the basic principles and ideas of the guidance based on Darwinian adaptation / selection and proposed Translation as Adaptation and Selection, not only to emphasize the ecological integrity of the entire system of translation, also re-interpretation of the nature of translation, process and methods a series of translation phenomena. Ecological Translation Studies believes that the use of traditional translation teaching translation skills to translate the lack of practice relevance, the translator should pay attention to the text which the translation environment, in order to adapt to the ecological environment to make a dynamic selection of different degrees, such as cultural texts, authors, readers and other mutual interaction between ecological subsystems, therefore, teachers improve students language skills at the same time, but also to strengthen the cultural, religious, social and historical background of knowledge and understanding to do the translation between the various sub-ecosystems integrity and relevance, so as to make the translation theory and techniques to explain and use have a reasonable explanation.       Figure.1 Eco-translatology The Proposed Methodology Ecological Paradigm.Paradigm is a big concept. It is related to the specific field of study in a large direction and big principle is a way to study the overall concept or research mode, embodies value judgments and research methods. Ecological Studies repeatedly to locate its translation paradigm. Translation Studies in the field of ecology, said from the perspective of ecology explore Translation Theory ecological paradigm is gradually taking shape, and has been more and more recognition. The main sign is that many scholars in the study of basic concepts related issues, value judgments, research methods, and conclusions as well as the terms used are all pointing to essentially incorporate ecological Approach to Translation Theory. These aggregates ecological Translation Studies Community in recognition of Ecological translation researchers learn basic description translation, Translation Studies accepted guidelines for eco-translation studies, translation studies follow the research methods of ecological overall relevance, and their performing specific the study also used a common problem of the ecological value of the standard translation studies. These studies have not isolated, single case studies, and can be seen as joint research agreement under ecological Translation Theory Paradigm. Incidence order chain.Highlights associated chain sequence is: Given Translation is language, and language is part of culture; culture is the accumulation of human activity, and humanity is part of nature. Associated sequence chain reflects the expansion of horizons of human cognition and rational base path of progress, it is consistent with the basic laws of human cognitive evolution, both interactive and progressive nature of the feature, it can be said outlines progressive visual field of human cognition logical sequence and points to the inherent mechanism derived exhibition. The focus of translation studies from the translation itself to language, culture, human ecology, it has also been constantly repeated, interactive, just reflect this trend and its characteristics. We can see the interconnections between nature and biological translation, as well as the basic characteristics of the natural ecosystem and human social interaction common system. Ecological rationality.The so-called holistic / association, is to follow a rational ecology, the study of translation ecosystem, not just limited to the isolation of a sub-ecosystems (such as translation body ecosystems), or some stakeholders (such as translation activities funders) from an ecological rational perspective, the relevance and the need to take care of the integrity between different ecosystems. The so-called dynamic stress / balance, is to follow a rational ecology, the study of translation ecosystem, through the translation between the main object of attention, interaction translation subject and its external ecological environment influence each other, forming a translation of ecological interdependence homeostasis system. The so-called reflect the aesthetics, ecological rationality is to follow, the study of translation ecosystem, in the process of translation studies, both macro-level or micro level, has been the pursuit of aesthetic principles. Ecological rationality above has important guiding significance to build eco-system of translation studies discourse. I also believe there will be more and more rational use of theoretical ecology and applied translation studies translation studies. Translator center.One of the fundamental problems of translation theory is how to describe and explain the translator in the role. The importance of the translator in the translation process, but also makes the study of this issue has become an eternal topic translation industry. Ecological Translation Studies is the relationship between the translator and the translation environment. On the translator, he/she is an independent body, throughout the translation must be completed by the translator and the leading role of the consciousness. Translator in the different languages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and different cultures interacting forces interaction point, both the main body of the translation process, and is the cornerstone in Translation can be performed. Ecological Translation Studies believes that the translator is the sum of all translation process Contradictions. Translator centric concept to translate living, emotional, creative translator to the translation theory of reception, so that translation theory based on real, concrete basis translator, Translator centric concept proposed translation help make the Translator Studies research radius has been extended, and the theoretical level it has improved; the same time, the translator of self-respect, self-discipline and their own quality the increase also promoted. This orientation to the translator and the translator for the ultimate care of translation theory, its advantages become increasingly evident, so that aspect of the case studies translators centers, leading translator, translator subjects, etc. continued. Classics generation.Classics is the result of academic development, ideology and culture is a historical process evolving. In the long course of development, which includes at least three interdependent aspects: First, the spirit of thought; the second is to preserve the spirit of symbolic thought, that language; third shell material according to the language, such as paper and the like. Thing to do is to translate the spirit of ideological conversion from one language to another language, the language of its external form, internal texture is spiritual, ideological, cultural, and therefore not only to study the language translation conversion, but also the study of language TCEs after conversion. China is a country attaches great importance to the traditional history, resulting in a lot of history books, with excellent historical tradition. Dynasties will learn from the experience of the rise and fall of dynasties, learn, learn from history, past serve the present. History in China is a big subject, research has deep historical roots. Chinese culture of Confucianism and Taoism on Chinese peoples social life norms and spirit of the character played a significant role, its influence has never been interrupted, undoubtedly belongs to Chinese cultural classics in the central part, which belongs to China thinking class books. Chinese literature is a big country, rich literature, which basically reflects the spirit of Confucianism and Taoism, Buddhism or even thought can be said that Chinese literature is a concrete manifestation of Chinese thought and culture, so Chinese literature or Literature Classics is also an important part of Chinese culture classics. Translation in Chinese cultural classics of the 19th century, these two books translated into most English speakers, this study focused on Chinese thought and literature class books classics into English. Although it is a part of Chinese culture classics of science and technology, pharmaceutical, and other books geography class. Classics in Translation. Translation history to be able to provide a reference for contemporary translations, is learning from history, past serve the present, get past today play a role in the translation, so translators more than a reference current. In the such a purpose, this study will be noted in the description of translation of the language level, which is the translation of the operational level, focusing on comparison between the original and the translation, focusing on translation of key terms, as well as the important passages back into Chinese to find a place between two languages and two cultures What changes, sum up experience and lessons learned for the moment Translator service; in the analysis will include more perspectives on translation and translators, readers and society, level exchanges between different cultures, and use them as research. Starting from the microscopic and macroscopic gradual transition to the two links to a comprehensive study together, and s trive to the value of the 19th Century Chinese classics into English excavated. Ecological translation.Translation mention ecological science, people may soon expect is currently in the field of literary criticism very active eco-criticism. Ecological Criticism is from the perspective of the ecological environment for critical interpretation and explanation of literary phenomena, which after nearly two decades of practice has been a gradual transition from a problem-oriented movement of a methodological guide to literary criticism methods. Institute of ecology, ecological literary criticism or pointing to the ecological environment is the theme of writing. Of course, there are various forms of writing, originality is divided into writing and variability writing or rewriting. We should acknowledge that across the boundaries of language translation is to use another language the original text rewritten or some form of rewriting, which it contains both creative ingredients, but with a reproducible composition. Translation unlike creative writing, its anthropocentric consciousness will have a distinct deconstruction, then we engaged in translation studies should also take into account the translation has the opposite characteristics of deconstruction. It can be said, deconstructive ecological translation studies is that it ruthlessly digestion on the proposed translation of the selection process anthropocentric mindset, because for anthropocentric purposes, regardless of the text to be translated if the inherent translatability, as long as the translator would be happy to contribute to its reproduction in another language. In anthropocentric mindset, political and cultural enlightenment translation function is often inappropriate to play to a point where, as a consequence, its own laws also been destroyed. Ecological principles of translation studies will be reflected in the restrictions on the role of the translator: the translator must respect the original internal ecological structure, by carefully reading and deep understanding of the original discovery of this inner translatable to achieve with the author and translator equal exchange and dialogue between the text. Conclusion In todays cultural background, we emphasize that the translation should spread Chinese culture and literature in the world and make due contributions. Translation teaching mode ecological translation studies from the perspective into the teaching objectives, curriculum resources, translate the main object, and translate market demand and other factors, with more fresh content and a broader perspective. An empirical study of the Teaching of the above shows that the pattern of the information technology (interactive, virtual simulation capabilities and modern social networking tools) and translation teaching normalized integration can help students improve their translation ability, through the translation of language learning, but also through language learning the information they need. But, in this mode, how to improve the workshop cohesion and motivation, how to strengthen the supervision and guidance on how to improve students self-monitoring and self-control, how to render more e ffective ecological interactions it is possible further explore research questions. References 1. Tymoczko, Maria. Translation in a postcolonial context: Early Irish literature in English translation. Routledge, 2016. 2. Jia, Sun. A study of the conceptual metaphors in the representation of women in the Chinese novel the song of EV erlasting sorrow and the English translation. (2015). 3. Maier, Giulio, et al. The Complete Works of Gabrio Piola: Volume I Commented English Translation-English and Italian Edition. (2014). 4. Cox, Laurence, and Alf Gunvald Nilsen. Das Ende neoliberaler Hegemonie durch soziale Bewegungen?(English translation: Reading Neoliberalism as a Social Movement from Above). Theorie und Praxis 2016 (2016): 98-105. 5. Shinde, Smita Rambhau. A Socio-cultural Study of the Marathi Play in English Translation: with Reference to Satish Alekars Mahanirvan. International Journal of Multifaceted and Multilingual Studies 3.1 (2016).

Losing Religion and Finding God in The Day Zimmer Lost Religion :: Day Zimmer Lost Religion Essays

Losing Religion and Finding God in The Day Zimmer Lost Religion Paul Zimmer's poem "The Day Zimmer Lost Religion" tells of the narrator's respect and fear of Christ as a boy. He is now a man and dares to challenge Christ. The expected punishment does not occur, and Zimmer loses his faith in religion as he now perceives it. The first stanza is about childhood fear of God. The narrator says, "The first Sunday I missed Mass on purpose / I waited all day for Christ to climb down" (1-2). Zimmer felt he deserved to be punished, to have Christ "Club me on my irreverent teeth, to wade into / My blasphemous gut and drop me like a / Red hot thurible" (4-6). Zimmer clearly expects something terrible to happen, emphasized by the presence of a watching, anticipating Devil. Stanza two is about rebellion. "It was a long cold way from the old days" (8). Zimmer would never have dared to miss Mass in his younger years. Zimmer feels he has come a long way from his boyhood days, "A long way from the dirty wind that blew / The soot like venial sins across the schoolyard" (11-12). Is the dirty wind the forces in life that we cannot control? Is the soot the flaws we begin to see in our elders as we grow older? Has Zimmer observed how weak man can be and questioned why God allows our transgressions? In the schoolyard, "God reigned as a threatening, / One-eyed triangle high in the fleecy sky" (13-14). Does Zimmer feel God had reigned high in the sky and observed each sin we do? He equates the schoolyard with the world. Zimmer knows the minor sins of the schoolyard. God knows the sins of all. The last stanza is about mature faith. Zimmer repeats that he "waited all day for Christ to climb down . . . and pound me / Till me irreligious tongue hung out" (16-19). Zimmer seems to feel that Christ is obligated to punish and that in fact He even enjoys it. Zimmer never mentions a God of love; is this why he feels there must be more to religion than what he knows now? In the last two lines, Zimmer tells us, "But of course He never came, knowing that / I was grown up and ready for Him now" (20-21).

Shaking Baby Syndrome Essay -- essays research papers

Shaken Baby Syndrome Imagine yourself as a sweet, innocent, precious little baby. You are totally dependant upon adults to give you what you need and most importantly love. Your only means of communication is crying so you cry when you need to be fed, when you need your diaper changed, when you aren’t feeling so well, or when you just want some attention. You are crying and someone comes over to you. They pick you up, but instead of holding you and comforting you, talking affectionately to you, they shake you violently and vigorously. You are a baby, imagine the fear and pain that the shaking causes you. This is a form of child abuse and what is even harder to believe is that it actually happens. The correct term is Shaken Baby Syndrome and it is a form of abuse that is happening far and wide.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What exactly is Shaking Baby Syndrome? Shaken Baby Syndrome is a serious brain injury that occurs when adults, frustrated and angry with children, shake then violently, and Shaken Baby Syndrome mostly occurs when a child receives numerous rapid shakes. It can also occur when a baby is slammed against a hard object; head impact is not necessary but does frequently occur. Shaken Baby Syndrome occurs frequently in infants younger than six months old, yet can occur up to the age of 5. (Showers, 1997.) In reality, shaking a baby if only for a few seconds can injure the baby for life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Often frustrated parents or other persons responsible for a child’s care feel that shaking a baby is a harmless way to make a child stop crying. The number one reason why a baby is shaken is because of inconsolable crying. (National Exchange Club Foundation, 1998) An infant may spend two to three hours a day crying. (The Epilepsy Association of Central Florida) A caregiver momentarily gives in to the frustration of responding to a crying baby by shaking. Caregivers may be inadequately prepared for children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why is shaking a baby so dangerous? A baby’s head and neck are especially vulnerable to injury because the head is so large and the neck muscles are still weak. A baby’s neck is to weak to support their heavy head so when the baby is shaken the heads swings back and forth. In addition, the baby’s brain and blood vessels are very fragile and easily damaged by whiplash mo... ...n a coma, being in a vegetative state, and the worst, death. One in every four babies shaken dies. The rest have to deal with the injuries and symptoms that will affect the rest of their innocent lives. Twenty five to thirty percent of babies shaken die (National Shaken Baby Syndrome). Immediate medical attention can help reduce the impact of shaking, but many children are left with permanent damage from the shaking. The treatment of survivors falls into 3 major categories. Those categories are medical, behavioral, and educational. In addition to medical care, children may need speech and language therapy, vision therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and special education services. (Showers, 1997) Many incidents of Shaken Baby Syndrome are not reported out of fear. It is important to seek immediate and early medical attention. Serious complications and even death can be avoided. Exactly how much force is needed to cause injuries? No firm answer exists as to the exact number of shakes necessary or how long a person might typically shake a child. In most cases the period of shaking is 5-10 seconds. (National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome) To cause brain damage, severe

Organization Psychology Essay

During the period between 2002 and 2005 a cancer center in Jordan i. e. King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) changed its organization model from traditional to transformed model. The need for transformation was in response to external factors of the environment in order to accommodate the needs of its stakeholders. Initially the center was called Al-Amar center which had operations and image problems that were affecting the organization (Miller, 2006). Al-Amar centre was perceived to be ineffective institution for caring of cancer . However it has transformed into a comprehensive centre for cancer that resemble western styles. The name of this centre changed to King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) following the change between 2002 and 2005 there were improved care services and improved its quality levels. In the same period the center was accredited and achieved Joint Commission International (JCI) (Miller, 2006). Organization Psychology Following the changes of KHCC it was able to achieve accountability, fiscal balance, certificate of accreditation from the international body and diversification of the service. There are three concepts which are believed to have led to the rapid changes in KHCC these are transnational culture, transformational leadership and political competence (Jeffrey, Gregory & Andrew, 2007). Both natural and political values are included in transformational leadership formulation. Transformational leadership can be explained by looking at the values, norms and cultural organization behavior; others are like internal negotiations, political influence in assessing such resources and setting external boundaries. The mechanisms that facilitated changes lie within the capabilities of the leaders and their behavior. The leaders in KHCC were seen to sacrifice themselves a great deal in drawing out themselves and the followers. The leaders were devoted to attend to the needs of patients and those of lower level employees. This was in an effort to raise the healthcare standards the attributes that result from transformational leadership are universal and are mediated by specific cultural expectations from the lower employees (Miller, 2006). The characteristics of leadership in KHCC were not cultural specific. There is new form of leadership that is different from the previous one. The new leadership is goal oriented and allows participation of the followers in identification, implementation and evaluation of projects and programs aimed at improving the performance of the healthcare. However transformational leadership can be autocratic or democratic but the form of leadership that is observed in KHCC involves all the stakeholders in the project design and implementation of their programs. The aspect of involvement of the stakeholders fall under four components in KHCC i. e. intellectual stimulation, idealized stimulation, ideological motivation and individual consideration (Jeffrey, Gregory & Andrew, 2007). Inspirational motivation can be created by leaders by articulating the future of the organization through setting of higher goals and standards that are inspiring and appealing to the follower. These goals or standards make the follower to be optimistic in what they are doing and therefore they will sacrifice themselves even where there are difficulties. For an organization to move to higher level of service it requires the team members to sacrifice themselves. Activities such as problem solving, daily meeting and working in late hour’s in order to meet the goals and objectives of the organization requires personal sacrifice and therefore there is need for the stake holders to be motivated (Miller, 2006). Initially the safety of the patients was compromised and therefore the leaders and the followers of KHCC committed themselves inured to create higher standards and improve the health care services. Idealized influence can be achieved when the follower admire or emulate a leader as being ideal. The followers of KHCC admired their leaders since they had high level of commitment, show of professionalism and they were willing to take care of patients. Respect of the leaders is also necessary in the achievement of the vision of the organization. In KHCC the goals are expressed to the team as inspirations and all the stakeholders are involved. There is training for staff at all levels based on the individual needs. Team building serves to reinforce commitment mutual respect and gathering ideas. Intellectual stimulation and individual consideration are behaviors among the leaders that attend to individuals with challenging issues or needs, concerns and soliciting the ideas of others (Andrea, 1997). Cultural sensitivity also contributed to the transformation of KHCC. This refers to the art of understanding the preference, norms and biases which may result to ineffective patient interaction. Cultural sensitivity and competence contribute to the success of the organization. At KHCC the staffs are recruited with knowledge of global technologies and communication that contribute to a medical society globally. Currently many international corporations are living expatriates with both local and western knowledge. Cultural competence can be gained by deploying information technology (Bommel, 2005). Prior to the transformation of KHCC information technology was poor and therefore the rapid growth of the center required a wider distribution of information technology. At KHCC video conferencing internet and e-mail access, access to national and global libraries of health, telepathology have been made possible. The increased use of information technology has influenced transnational culture (Moe, 2007). The establishment of the information technology was to enhance the health services to patients. The technologies have made KHCC to advance into western center for cancer. There is advanced training that has facilitated competent and qualified clinical scientist who is familiar with therapeutic and clinical oncopology practice. Through the training they have succeeded in both internal and international medical environment (Bommel, 2005). â€Å"End of life† is a service that has been implemented in KHCC and did not exist previously. This is a system that was implemented during transformation and was aimed at prolonging life. The system is also aimed at paying attention to quality of life of patients. The staffs have been able to create and mobilize cultural support through training that they undergo under palliative care. The staff has also diversified their language in order to break the language barrier and cater for the needs of all the stake holders. The influence and control between the stakeholders also have contributed to the rapid transformation of KHCC. The confidence and trust that is created by the leaders confer the followers’ willingness to follow or have an explanation of their willingness. KHCC staffs were able to create this confidence among their followers and therefore contributed to the rapid growth (Andrea, 1997). The staffs were also genuine and sincere in their commitment towards the achievement of KHCC the relationship between the domestic organization of healthcare, senior staffs and the overseas organization was vital for the transformation of KHCC. This relationship enabled the center to use effectively the technologies in order to cater for the needs of the stakeholders. Conclusion Culture extends beyond the boundaries of institutes. The professional role of culture and cultural context that is carried within information technology can make globalization to be possible. Political competence as a characteristic of a leader has a particular utility in the role of government in promoting health care and resource use and exchanges. Government incentives should include political capabilities in setting external broader boundaries in environment. Political capabilities can help to achieve the desired goals of an institution since they impact on their financial status. Therefore political competence need to be identified and leaders be trained on how to posses them. During the rapid changes of KHCC there were growing number of patients and programs and services increased (Moe, 2007)